Tramadol should be used with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and should be avoided if renal impairment is severe. Removal by haemodialysis is reported to be minimal at 7%.
Tramadol should be used with care in patients with a history of epilepsy or those susceptible to seizures.
Paracetamol should be given with care to patients with impaired kidney or liver function. It should also be given with care to patients with alcohol dependence.